WHY ENGLISH IS SO DIFIFCULT
by David Linehan | Thu, 2009-12-10 21:04
WHY ENGLISH IS SO DIFFICULT….
English is full of funny spelling and pronunciation with seemingly no logic to follow.
The whole problem is easily understood in the history of the island race and the various invasions in the early years, coupled with the later expansion of empire.
The first inhabitants were Celts who spoke a language common over northern Europe. It had lots of double consonants and few vowel sounds. Llandewy in Jamaica is a Celtic name. It means David’s church.
The first serious invasion was by the Roman legions under Julius Caesar. They brought good roads, fortified cities and the Latin tongue. For over a thousand years Latin was the language of religion and the law. Latin and the Celtic tongues, Welsh, Urse and Gaelic co-existed.
Five hundred years later the Roman empire collapsed and the legions were called home. This was the Dark Ages, the time of King Arthur.
The same land-hungry Germanic tribes that sacked Rome also came to Britain. They were Saxons, Angles and Jutes. They gradually pushed the Celts back into Wales and the west and their Germanic language was spoken widely. In this time there was no such thing as the “English”. This name for the nation and the language came from one of the later invading Saxon tribes, the “Anglecynn.”, who Arthur defeated and held at bay for 50 years.
Meanwhile in the North another terrible invader appeared, the Vikings from Norway and Denmark. They first came to pillage and then to settle. They were outnumbered by the existing population and were subdued by the sword. They brought their Norse language with them.
Some parts of the language were imposed but generally it was too difficult but one aspect took hold and is still in our language today. In place of the impossible conjugations and endings there was a simple verb “to get”. There are twenty two prepositions in English today. Combined with “get’ they can express virtually any action or feeling. Try it!
The Saxons and Vikings divided the land, which was unified by Alfred the Great, the first truly English king. The language was not unified and two dialects with crossovers persisted.
In the year 1066 the Norman French invaded and won the land. They imported their language, but being outnumbered by the natives they had to use English to communicate and French to import some new words and meanings.
Behind this all Latin was still the language of the church and the law.
In the early middle ages the king sent his favourite writer, Geoffrey Chaucer around the kingdom to establish a dictionary and what is now termed the “King’s English”. Politics being what they are, nothing was imposed, so you have Germanic and French words and pronunciations in the south and Nordic versions in the midlands and north.
A remnant to day is the different way in which southerners and northerners pronounce the vowel “a”. When you open your mouth there is no doubt where you come from.
This royal exercise is the main reason why the language is so confusing, since local pronunciations and spellings were permitted and given official blessing.
In the centres of business, London particularly, there are many Hebrew words in use, a necessity when the bankers were all Jewish with their own expressions.
There are twice as many words in English than in any other language. This is partly explained by English exploration, conquest and trade. We brought back strange products from the native Americans and used their words, tobacco, tomato and potato.
Finally, why is it still called English and not British? Because the English became the dominant race and subjugate the Irish, Scots and Welsh.
People refer to us as British, which the English will laugh at and the other three become angry. When we have a common enemy we are one people. Otherwise we are four nations with a common language but with the Celtic tongue still strong in the other three.
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